Do Pilots Need Different Exams?

When most people think of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification, thoughts immediately turn to getting a pilot’s license or having enough certified flight hours. Many individuals may be unaware that pilots are required to retire by age 65, as a matter of safety. So understandably, before being fully certified for a commercial pilot’s license, applicants must pass a physical exam.

AME examination explained

The Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) examination is a mandatory physical examination performed by FAA-authorized physicians. The test screens for physical fitness and mental health. Multiple aspects of overall health are considered for certification. The test takes about 30 minutes to complete and is categorized by first-, second- and third-class privileges. First-class is for airline transport, second-class is for commercial, and third-class is for private, recreational, and student pilots. Validity timelines vary by participant age and class level.

When health issues exist

People can take the AME with preexisting conditions, but caveats exist. For example, without proper documentation, a person’s AME certification might be delayed. Prospective pilots should review the FAA’s most recent guide to determine which documents are required. Specific protocols exist for factors like diseases, prescription medications, and substance dependence or abuse. For returning pilots, bring medical documents if any treatments or procedures were performed since the last certification.

Reviewing vision and hearing

Pilot vision is a core part of the AME exam. Perfect vision isn’t required but people who use glasses or contacts should bring those devices to the test. The test assesses near, intermediate, peripheral and far fields of view. Likewise, color vision is also tested. For hearing, participants are expected to understand speech as well as hear a conversational voice from 6 feet away in a quiet room.

Balance matters too

An unexpected part of the test is an ear, nose, and throat inspection. Concerns center around equilibrium and whether any nose or throat issues exist that would either impact balance or make communication with flight crews difficult while flying.

Inspecting cardiac fitness

Flying might seem routine but higher altitudes can impact overall cardiac health. Some people might automatically fail the test if a history exists of having had a heart transplant surgery, or even replacing cardiac valves. Having heart conditions in general won’t entirely prevent a person from passing the AME, but interested applicants should review the FAA guidelines to be informed and manage expectations.

Looking at mental health

Pilots have an important job to perform and a lot of responsibility is placed on these individuals to stay calm under pressure. Along with a general physical medical history review, expect mental health aspects to be examined as well. For example, people with a history of personality disorders, substance abuse, and even neurological conditions like epilepsy would typically not be considered suitable candidates to be a pilot. Also, don’t be surprised when asked to supply a urine sample as the test is designed to screen for kidney issues and diabetes.

Be prepared before the exam

Because the exam outcome can’t be automatically predicted, prospective pilots are encouraged to consider current health before going for the AME. So many factors can influence results, with the options being issued, denial, or deferred. Deferrals often mean a pilot must provide additional information or be reviewed again to create a determination. To avoid delays, pilots are encouraged to take the AME exam early in the due date month and to avoid taking the exam if known health issues exist.