Mental Health Matters: Recognizing Depression In Adults & Teens

Mental Health Warning Signs

Having an off day from time to time is completely normal. Short-term depression following a sad event, such as a death in the family or getting fired from a job, is expected. However, when depression lingers, additional interventions such as medication or therapy may be needed. Knowing how to recognize the signs of depression in adults and teens is imperative.

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Signs of depression

Adults with depression can often experience a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in everyday activities. Some individuals may have angry outbursts or irritability. Many people with depression report feeling very tired or lacking energy. Sleep disturbances, including insomnia and sleeping too much, are common among people with depression. Trouble thinking, remembering, concentrating, and making decisions can also occur. Sometimes, people with depression will have a reduced appetite and associated weight loss.

What about teens?

Although depression symptoms in teens and adults are similar, there are some specific concerns that may arise within this younger population. Teenagers with depression can experience low mood, sleep disturbances, and lack of energy. This may present as having trouble in school, frequent absences, or falling asleep during class. Teenagers with depression may also withdraw from friends and family, spending more time alone. Sometimes, complaints of frequent pain, such as headaches or belly aches, can be a sign that a teen is struggling with depression. The use of drugs or alcohol is another sign a teen may have depression.

Serious symptoms

Thoughts of death or suicide are serious and should be addressed right away. Self-harm behavior, such as cutting, burning, hitting, and scratching, is another concerning symptom of depression that requires immediate action. Rarely people with depression can experience psychiatric episodes where hallucinations may occur. This serious symptom should also be addressed right away by contacting emergency services or a mental health crisis line.

Making the diagnosis

If an adult or teen is suspected of having depression, the individual should be seen by a healthcare provider for assessment and treatment. To be diagnosed with depression, symptoms must be present for at least two weeks. However, any thoughts of self-harm should be addressed immediately. Once a diagnosis is made, treatment options can be discussed. Some people will benefit from medication, while other individuals can do well with talk therapy. Teens have more limited medication options, but certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can be prescribed if needed. In more severe cases of depression or self-harm, inpatient hospitalization or admission to a mental health treatment program may be required.